Effect of selenium supplementation with sodium selenite and selenium nanoparticles on iron homeostasis and transferrin gene expression in sheep: A preliminary study

The present research aimed at evaluating the effects of sodium selenite and selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) on iron homeostasis and the expression of transferrin and its receptor-binding protein genes. Twenty one Lori–Bakhtiary sheep were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Groups 1 and 2 orally received Se NPs and sodium selenite (1 mg kg�1) for 10 consecutive days, respectively. Group 3 served as the control. Blood and sternal bone marrow samples were collected at different supplementation intervals. Various factors such as serum iron concentration, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation percent were determined. The expression of transferrin and transferrin binding receptor genes was also studied. Results showed a decreasing trend in serum iron concentration particularly during the early and middle stages of supplementation (0–20 days) with Se NPs or selenium ions. Conversely, the TIBC level increased in sera especially during these periods (0–20 days) in animals that received selenium NPs or selenium ions. Our results also showed that expression of transferrin and its receptor genes was considerably increased during supplementation of the animals by both selenium compounds for 10 or 20 days. After this period, the expression of the mentioned genes significantly decreased, especially in animals that received selenium ions

The Effects of Oral Consumption of Selenium Nanoparticles on Chemotactic and Respiratory Burst Activities of Neutrophils in Comparison with Sodium Selenite in Sheep

The present study was designed to compare the effects of nano-selenium and of sodium selenite on the chemotactic and respiratory burst activities of neutrophils in sheep. Fifteen sheep were randomly divided into three groups. Groups 1 and 2 received selenium nanoparticles (1 mg/kg) or sodium selenite (1 mg/kg) orally, respectively, for ten consecutive days, and the third group was considered as the control. To determine the chemotactic and respiratory burst activities of the neutrophils, the leading front assay and the NBT test were used on heparinized blood samples that were collected at different intervals (days 0, 10th, 20th, and 30th). The results obtained showed that the chemotactic activities in groups 1 and 2 increased significantly on the 10th, 20th, and 30th day, compared to day 0, and on the 20th day in comparison with the 10th day, while in group 2, there was a significant decrease on the 30th day compared to the 20th day. The chemotactic activities in group 1 were significantly higher than in group 2 on the 10th day and in the control group on the 10th, 20th, and 30th day, but the chemotactic activities in group 2 were significantly higher than those in the control group only on the 20th day. On the 30th day into the experiment, the respiratory bursts in groups 1 and 2 were significantly stronger in comparison with those at day 0. Overall, nano-selenium increased the chemotactic and respiratory burst activities more significantly than sodium selenite, which is suggestive of a stronger stimulatory effect of the Se nanoparticles on intracellular activities

Nanoparticles of Selenium as Species with Stronger Physiological Effects in Sheep in Comparison with Sodium Selenite

The present study was designed to compare the effects of nano red selenium and sodium selenite on the antioxidative activities of neutrophils and the hematological parameters in sheep. Fifteen sheep were randomly allocated into three groups. Groups 1 and 2 received selenium nanoparticles orally at 1 mg/kg and sodium selenite at 1 mg Se/kg for 10 consecutive days; group 3 served as the control. To assess the degrees of oxidative stress and of lipid peroxidation of the cellular membranes, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined in serum samples that were collected at different supplementation intervals, i.e., after 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. In addition, hematological parameters in the serum samples were measured by routine procedures. It was found that TBARS levels in groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher on days 20 and 30 compared to the basal level on day 0. It was also found that on day 30, the TBARS activities in both treated groups were significantly higher than those of the controls (P < 0.05). These findings may explain the seemingly paradoxical effects of supplemental selenium on the indicators of oxidative stress, as the levels of TBARS were generally expected to decrease in the presence of selenium. There were no significant differences between the PCV and RBC values in the three groups. The white blood cell count (WBC) in group 1 showed a significant increase on days 20 and 30 in comparison with the control group. However, in group 2, there was a significant increase of the WBC value just on day 20 in comparison with the control group. Also, there were significant increases of the neutrophil counts and significant decreases of the lymphocyte counts on day 10 in group 1, in comparison with those in group 2 and controls, and on days 20 and 30 in groups 1 and 2 in comparison with those in the control group

Serological survey on bovine parainfluenza type 3 in Shahrekord district (Iran)

The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of infection prevalence caused by bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) and involvement of several factors such as age, sex, and vaccination against common diseases in Iran such as Brucellosis, rinderpest, and foot and mouth disease in the rate of infection. This study was conducted on 400 cattle of Shahrekord district. Using serum neutralization test, the results showed that 119 of 400 samples were positive (29.75%). The lowest and highest infection rate was in group aged 61–72 months (20%) and 49–60 months (38.88%), respectively. From 400 samples, 30 of 90 (33.33%) and 89 of 310 (28.7%) of them that were taken from males and females, respectively, were positive. There was a significant difference in presence of antibody titer between male and female cattle. In conclusion, BPIV3 had 30% prevalence in this area. Thus, health management (sufficient ventilation, temperature controlling, and avoiding overcrowding) and vaccination against this virus is recommended.Gholam Ali Kojouri, Farhid Hemmatzadeh, Camellia Taghados